Internal-combustion engine



M. J. VEST INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE Filed July 20,. 1921 June 22 1926. 1

M. J. VEST INTERNAL coms'uswion JENGYINE IINVENTOR. MA x J. Vi; 5T.

Qemmp ATTORNEY.

June 22 1926. 1',589,578

' M- J. VEST INTERNAL comsus'riou ENGINE Filed July 20. 1921 s-sheets"-.sn'ub 5 INVENTOR N X J VEZ ST.

" nema Patented June 22, 1926.

MAX J. VEST, 0F DENVER, COLORADO.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Application filed July 20,

This invention relates to internal combustion engines and its primary object is to provide an engine construction in which simplicity, strength and practicability are effectively combined. WVith this object in view, I form the exhaust and intake 1nani-' folds inside the cylinder walls of a body section of the engine, and arrange the intake and exhaust valves in a head section which is removably supported upon the body section.

It is another object of my invention to arrange the valves in the cylinder head, so as to be readily accessible'for repair or adjustment when the latter is removed from the engine body, and a further object is to provide in connection with the cylinder head, a water and dust-proof casing, "which encloses the valves and their operating mechanism, and which also encloses the spark plugs of the engine to protect them from dirt and moisture. Still another object of the invention is to provide a novel system of conduits to pre-heat and super-heat'the constituents of the combustible mixture separately and collectively before it enters the cylinders of the engine, and a further object is to provide a cylinder of an internal combustion engine with a divided explosion chamber, the compartments of which are separately equipped with spark plugs and intake and exhaust valves. The above and other objects, all of which will fully appear in the course of the following description, are attained by the construction and arrangement of parts shown in the accompanying drawings, in the various views of which like parts are similarly designated, and in which Figure 1 is a vertical fragmentary section taken through a cylinder of the engine along a line 11 of Figure 3;

Figure 2, a diagrammatic representation of the arrangement of conduits in the cylinder walls;

Figure 3, a composite view showing horizontal sections taken on the lines 33, 4 1, and 6 6, Figure 1; y, 1

Figure l, a view similar to Figure 1 showing a modification the construction of'the en h a a,

Figure 5, a" fragmentary section '1" 1g the line;55, Figure L Y Infth'e drawings, th reference numeral 2 designates" ing' a sparkplug age 1921. Serial No. 486,126.

which are slidably supported on the body part and detachably connected thereto by bolts or other suitable means. The body has equidistantly arranged cylinder bores or piston chambers 4: which open in the upper surface thereof, and its walls are madesufficiently heavy toembody the intake and exhaust manifolds and other conduits of the engine. a

In the construction shown in Figural, the manifolds and conduits are formed integrally with the body by channels in the wallsthereof, and in the modification illustrated inFigure 4 the several conduits are cast en bloc and inserted inopen ended recessesin the cylinder walls. The arrangement ofthe conduits isthe same in each case, and a description of that of the construction illustrated in Figure 1 will suflice to explain the other; The engine as shown in the drawings is of the duplex type, i. e., it has two sets of valves for each of its cylinders, two intake and exhaust manifolds, and two carburetors. By this arrangement of parts, it is possible to operate the engine at a greatly reduced expenditure of motive fluid when its full efiiciency is not required,

and it avoids complete incapacitation of the engine should the valves, ignition system or carburetor at either side thereof become in effective by the breakage or derangement of their parts, i '7 r Since the system of valves and conduits of one side of the engine is identical to that of the other side of the same and operates independently thereof, I will explain the arrangement of one system only and apply the same characters of reference to corresponding parts of the other system. The intake manifold 5 which connects the discharge port of the carburetor with the cylinders through the intermediary of the respective intake valves, is formed in the cylinder wall adj acent'the piston chambers and it connects with the valve chambers byuneans of upwardly extending branches 6, which open in the upper surface of the engine body. The exhaustmanifold 7, formed parallel to the intake manifold, has a corresponding I'i'uinber ofiupwardly"extending branches 8 which open in theftop of tlieei'igine bodyto'regis- 1" r'fibers' oftheexhaustfv'alves I a cylinders; jat' the" points 'thes br nchesext da'cross tliexinsane: Astraight Canaan gof smallendiamcter, closed, at its. ends. and aigially coincident with the al-ined upper portions (it the intake manifold, connects with the exhaust inanitold by branches at the point at which passes through the spaces above the depressed portions of the intake .rn anitold, so that a part of the spent gases of combustion which enter the exhaust manitold; from the cylinders of the engine must pass through the conduit, to. super-heat the explosive mixture in the intake;inanitold'betore it enters the. explosion chambers of: the. cylinders. A conduit. 10, of; smaller diameter, passing through the. exhaust.manifold, 1s. one end open to. the atmosphere'and connects at its other. end'with a pipe 16 leading to the, an; intake port. otthe. carbiu'etorl which 111 the drawings has been designated by the reference character 12-.

It is. obvious that in the, operation of the engine its walls. are heated.- to a cons derable extent. and this. heat is utilized not only to superhe'at the mixture passing, through. the intake manifold, but also to; preheat the liquid tuelbforfe it enters the carburetor. With the. last mentioned object in view, a passage. I3. is. formed in the, cylinder Wall, in close. proximity, tofthe. exhaust maniiiold and conduits. l4 and 15 are. attached; at, opposite ends on this passage tor.- its connection. with a fuel intakefport of the, carburetor and the fuel reservoir. of: the, motor vehicle. The discharge port. ohthe carburetorisconnected to the intake manifold, preferably adjacent r each cylinder ofthe. engine, byfachannel 17 formed in the cylinder wall, which. connects with the intake manifold as at, 18;, and. with a conduit- I9l leading. to. the Carburetor, through an opening in the outer surface of the wall. ItI'will :be. evident; that by; the provision of this auxiliary path for the coin.- loustible miiture through the heated. cylinderwall, it is. still further, preheated, and that by. the heat applied exteriorlyto h channel as, well as, to' the. intake manifold and interiorly otthe. latter by. theexhanst gases v passing through the conduit 9, the mixture isdelivered to. the engine in a thor oughly. dry. and. vaporized condition and at a c'onsequentlyfhigh degree. of efiiciency.

This. very. desirableobject in theoperation of an internal combustion engineis furthermore, promoted by, preheating the air. and gaseous. fuel. betore. they enterj the carburetorand as itis attained by; utilization of. the heat naturally generated in. the operation of: the. engine, it entails no; additional. ex.- pense.

The spark. plug c age, id; which rests, upon the fiat'upfper surface-ct thelbodyand upon the valve cages, has. in connection with the open. cylinder ends, explosion chambers which. are. divided into. two: compartments 20%- by jacketed ridges 21" o-tpV-shjapedsect-ion. Whenl the "piston 22?". in the; cylinder with the several spark plugs of the engine,

and in order to prevent tangling of these conductors and confusion in their arrangement, they are preferablylaid in troughs termed in the space. by upwardly extending partitions 27-;

The valve cages, disposed at opposite sides Ot'the spark plug cage, have valve chambers 28 and; 29, which. connect separately with the openings. in the upper surface. of the engine body atithe, ends of the branches of the intake and; exhaust manifolds. The valves 30 and; 31 are, slidably supported in. bushed bearings 32 and normally engage with seats in the openings 22 and; 23 which connect their respective chambers with the explosion chambers of the engine. Springs 33 coiled around; the valve. stems bear upon transverse pins 34. to yieldinglymaintain the valves in engagement with their seats, and rocker ar1ns;'35 in cooperation with cams 36 on shafts 3T,- srve to periodically unseat the va'lyes in, the operation of the. engine, said sha-fts and rocker arms being mounted upon a. block which forms an integral part ofthe respective, valve cages.

The entire. cylinder head, including the valve cagesfand spark plug cage,'i's enclosed y. a- Water and, dust proofcasing 38, removably. fastened. by bolts 39, and the members of the head' are detachably fastened to the body section. oi the engine by bolts notshown. in the drawings. Thecasing, as shown in Figure 1, may be composed oi three. sections which are separately removable, to aliord; access to one or the other of the valve cages or to the spark plug cage, as may berequired.

It will be apparent that the composite parts of the head are readily detached from thebodyot; the engine, and when separated from the. same, afford easy access to the valves and their seats for repairs, re-grinding,'or adjustment, and that the casing protect's. the, spark plugs. and; the valve operating mechanism from dust, dirt, and moisture, while the, parts. are; readily accessible for renewal or repair.

li ing thus described; my improved engine; construction, I: desire. it understood that modifications, in the; arrangements ofits component parts, and. the method of their ill) connection may be resorted to Within the spirit of my invention, as defined in the hereunto appended claims.

lVhat I desire to secure by Letters Patent is:

1. An internal combustion engine, comprising an engine body having piston chambers,spark plugs connected at the explosion ends thereof, channels formed exteriorly of the chambers to receive conductors of electricity leading to the spark plugs, and a removable casing covering the spark plugs and the channels.

2. In an internal combustion engine, a one piece engine body hollowed to provide a p18- ton chamber, one wall of said chamber formed with a channel for the passage of fuel, said wall being adapted to conduct heat generated by the combustion of fuel in the piston chamber to fuel passing through said channel, said channel being connected at one end to a source of fuel supply, and at the other end to a carburetor.

3. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination with a carburetor and a source of fuel-supply, a one-piece engine body hollowed to form a piston chamber. and having in the wall of said chamber an intake channel, a preheating channel con.- nected with the intake channel and with the fuel outlet of the carburetor, an exhaust channel, a hollow core in the intake channel connected with the exhaust channel, a channel in the exhaust channel connecting the air intake of the carburetor with the atmosphere, and a channel connecting the fuel in- 1 take of the carburetor with the source of fuel.

4. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination with a carburetor and a source of fuel supply, a one-piece engine body hollowed to form a piston chamber and having in the wall of said chamber an intake channel connected with the fueloutlet of the carburetor, an exhaust channel, a hollow core in the intake channel connected with the exhaust channel, a channel in the exhaust channel connecting the air-intake of the carburetor with the atmosphere, and a channel connecting the fuel intake of the carburetor with the source of fuel.

5. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination with a carburetor and a source of fuel-supply, a one-piece engine body hollowed to form a piston chamber and having in the wall of said chamber an intake channel, a preheating channel connected with the intake channel and with the fuel-outlet of the carburetor, and a channel connecting the fuel intake of the carburetor with the source of fuel.

6. An internal combustion engine comprising in combination with a carburetor and a source of fuel supply, a one-piece engine body hollowed to form a piston chamber and having in the wall of said chamber an intake channel connected with the fueloutlet of the carburetor, a channel connecting the air-intake of the carburetor with the atmosphere, and a channel connecting the fuel-intake of the carburetor with the source of fuel.

7. An internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece engine body having a piston chamber and in the wall thereof, a channel for the passage of fuel, said chamber and the channel being open in an end of said body, a valve cage separably supported by said body, a spark plug cage separably supported by said valve cage and having an explosion space connecting with the opening of the piston chamber, said valve cage having ports connecting respectively with the opening of the channel and with the explosion space of the spark plug cage, and a valve in the valve cage controlling the flow of fuel between said ports.

8. An internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece engine body having a piston chamber and in the wall thereof, a channel for the passage of fuel, the chamber and the channel being open in an end of said body, a valve cage, a spark plug cage separably supported by said valve cage and having an explosion space connecting with the opening of the piston chamber, said valve cage being separably supported by the body and having ports connecting respectively with the opening of the channel and with the explosionspace of the spark plug cage, a valve in the valve cage controlling the flow of fuel between said ports, and mechanism for the operation of the valve, supported by the valve cage.

9. An internal combustion engine comprising a one-piece engine body having a piston chamber and in the wall thereof a.

channel for the passage of fuel, the chamber and the channel being open in an end of said body, a valve cage, a spark plug cage separably supported by the valve cage and having an explosion space connecting with the opening of the piston chamber, said valve cage being separably supported by the body and having ports connecting respectively with the opening of the channel and with the explosion space of the spark plug cage, a valve in the valve cage controlling the flow of fuel between said ports, mechanism for the operation of the valve, supported by the valve cage, and a removable casing enclosing the cages.

In testimony whereof I have affixed my signature.

MAX J. VEST. 

